A corneal transplant is a microsurgical operation performed with the aid of an operating microscope. The surgeon removes the central part of the diseased cornea and replaces it with a healthy donor cornea. The operation lasts between thirty minutes and an hour and a half, and can be carried out under general or local anaesthetic, with hospitalisation lasting between one and three days.

Until a few years ago, corneal transplantation was synonymous with ‘penetrating keratoplasty’, an operation in which the entire thickness of the cornea is replaced. Today, anterior or posterior lamellar keratoplasty operations are increasingly common, involving replacement of only the anterior or posterior part of the cornea, depending on the various pathologies affecting the eye and surgical needs.

WHO NEEDS A CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

There are a number of cases in which a corneal transplant is necessary: congenital diseases, trauma caused by accidents or infections, which render the cornea opaque or deformed, gradually damaging vision. In the majority of cases, corneal pathologies affect both eyes, rendering people almost completely blind (young people aged between 15 and 35 are the most affected by these diseases). There is no age limit for corneal transplants, and the operation can be performed on both young and elderly patients. The transplant gives these people the chance to regain their sight and resume a normal life.

DISEASES REQUIRING A CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

All diseases causing severe alterations to the transparency (bullous keratopathy) and curvature of the cornea (keratoconus) result in partial or total loss of vision. If these conditions cannot be treated in any other way, or if the damage they cause is irreversible, a corneal transplant is the only therapeutic option.

There are around 80 corneal diseases, which can be grouped into 16 categories. Worldwide, they are second only to cataracts as a cause of blindness. In Western countries, corneal transplants are mainly carried out to resolve congenital pathologies, including hereditary ones; in developing countries, however, transplants are used to treat the consequences of infectious diseases.

WHERE DO THE CORNEAS USED FOR THE TRANSPLANT COME FROM?

The transplant requires a healthy cornea from a deceased donor. Anyone between the ages of 4 and 79 is a potential donor. People with vision problems, such as myopia or cataracts, can also donate.

Turquie Santé : Your Partner for Corneal Transplants

Turquie santé is committed to providing you with access to the best corneal transplant clinics in Turkey. Thanks to a network of highly qualified doctors and state-of-the-art medical facilities, we can guarantee you top-quality care.

Our partner clinics are equipped with the latest technology and follow strict protocols to ensure safe and effective operations. What’s more, we offer competitive rates, so you can benefit from first-rate treatment without compromising your budget.

Whether you’re looking for information on procedures, advice on choosing a clinic, or support throughout your treatment journey, our team is here to assist you every step of the way. Choose Turkey for your corneal transplant and rediscover the pleasure of seeing the world clearly.

Post-treatment

In the case of inner layer transplants, it is necessary to maintain a supine position for the first 24 hours after the operation (including going to the toilet and eating), so that the air bubble introduced into the eye can press on the transplant and ensure its fixation. This also applies to transplantation of the outer layer, but less rigorously.

Avoid rubbing or pressing forcefully on the operated eye, even indirectly, for example with a pillow or something similar. Pain rarely occurs immediately after surgery, but cannot be completely ruled out. You should always inform your doctor if you feel any pain, and you should not wait for it to disappear on its own.

After the operation, a dressing is applied to the operated eye, which can usually be removed the following day. Eye drops should be used from the first day after surgery. It is very important to apply exactly the prescribed dose and to use the eye drops correctly, as the substantial success of the corneal transplant depends on it. In general, eye drops should be used for several months, at least six months, often even longer, and in some patients even for several years.

It is also important to undergo all eye examinations. Initially, after the operation, your eyes will need to be checked more often, and then at increasingly longer intervals.

Ringworm 

Circular or ring-like rash due to ringworm It is not a worm, as the name suggests, but rather a similar condition to roundworm, except that ringworm appears as a red circular patch on the skin, which is due to Dermatophytes fungal infection.

Ringworm can spread if you come into direct contact with an infected person, an animal, or a surface that got contaminated. Ringworm vs. psoriasis are almost never deadly if detected early on without treatment. With the right care, it is a condition that can be diagnosed, treated, and thankfully also prevented.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of ringworm appear soon after you come into contact with the fungi, but those are not always immediate. Otherwise, in most cases, the ringworm skin symptoms manifest far quicker than those on the scalp. Common symptoms for ringworm include:

• Hot, red, scaly skin that may blister and peel on any part of the body
• A red patch that may or may not scaly and is often ring-shaped
• Red bumps on the skin
• Small swollen growths, spreading rings
• Hair loss

The symptoms that may appear depend on the part of the body affected:

• Body (tinea corporis): If ringworm is on your body, it tends to take the form of large circular patches that are red around the edges and clearer in the middle.
• Feet (tinea pedis): Commonly known as “athlete’s foot,” ringworm on the feet usually reveals itself with pink, itchy, and swollen skin found between the toes, primarily on the small toe. It causes the skin to be scaly in texture and occasionally will blister on your feet as well.
• Nails (onychomycosis, or tinea unguium): Ringworm can make toenails appear thickened.

Is ringworm contagious? 

Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection and can be transferred person to person while the fungus spores are alive.

If this condition is receiving proper treatment, ringworm vs. psoriasis can be treated and cured in the space of four weeks under such conditions, thus not making it subject to others.

Diagnosis.

Ringworm can often be diagnosed by your doctor simply by examining the patch of skin.

They can see the involved area using a black light; ringworm infection may glow under a black light in cases of certain types of fungus. If a diagnosis is not completely clear, your doctor may take a skin sample (skin biopsy) or check the skin for fungus by sending samples to a laboratory for testing.

This requires collecting a sample of your skin or discharge from a blister and sending it to a lab where they will verify the presence of fungus.

Treatment

Treatment is best done as soon as you notice the symptoms to prevent infecting someone else or other parts of your body.

You can use these locally around the organism for 2–4 weeks to kill the detrimental mycelial spores crawling on the body.

Over-the-counter antifungals include:

• Clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex): a topical fungal cream, spray, or solution applied directly to the skin. The type of treatment that will be best for you will depend on where the ringworm infection is in your body.
• Miconazole is an allowed antifungal that may be administered on the spot to dispose of pathogenic skin fairies.

For ringworm on the scalp or a severe case of ringworm, you may need prescription medications. If the scalp is affected, ringworm is typically more difficult to treat.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic (long-lasting) disease where the immune system gets turned on and attacks the skin, leading to increased production of skin cells. The heavily inflamed and scaly patches of skin are very common in areas such as the scalp, elbows, or knees, although psoriasis can occur on any part of your body.

Though the exact reasons for psoriasis are still unknown, a combination of genetics and environmental factors is allowed to be responsible for the complaint. Psoriasis is something that can be treated in numerous ways, and the treatment plan depends on the type and inflexibility of the complaint.

Symptoms of Psoriasis

Light therapy for psoriasis can be a dependable option for the people who have this complaint. The symptoms of psoriasis differ based on the case, but many similarities include

Thick, red patches of skin with argentine-white scales that can itch or burn on the knees, elbows, genitals, scalp, trunk, and even arm joints, palms, and soles in psoriasis.

• Dry, cracked skin that itches or bleeds.
• Thick, ridged, pitted nails.
• Poor sleep quality.

The signs or symptoms of psoriasis can differ. Sometimes you will experience times when your symptoms extend, called flares, and other times when they recede.

Causes of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a vulnerable-mediated complaint, which means that your body’s vulnerable system starts overacting and causing problems.

Numerous people with psoriasis have a family history of the complaint, and experimenters have identified some of the genes that may contribute to its development. Some external factors that may increase the chances of developing psoriasis include:

Certain drugs are similar to medicines for treating heart complaint, malaria, or internal health problems.

•  Smoking 
•  Obesity 

Conclusion.

Ringworm on the surface layer of the ringworm vs. psoriasis can generally be treated with an antifungal cream, lotion, or powder that you can buy.

Over the past few years, there has been an emphasis on enhancing patient experience and the approach to the delivery of care to increase patient outcomes and satisfaction. Here are six significant strategies they are implementing to achieve these goals.

Adopting Advanced Technology

Current trends revealed that EHR, telemedicine, and Artificial Intelligence are increasingly being used in healthcare organizations to improve the quality of patient care. Electronic Health Records make patient data organized and easily accessible, thus enabling the health care providers to get all the history, medications, and, or treatment plans of a patient at first glance. Telemedicine enhances the delivery of care as patients can seek medical opinions from their healthcare providers from the comfort of their homes, especially if they live in rural areas. Other ways are in identifying diseases and also recognizing patient trends that aid in decision-making.

Implementing Patient-Centered Care Models

Patient-centered care refers to the approach to the delivery of care that puts more focus on patients’ concerns, preferences, and values. It is being embraced by organizations as patients are empowered to participate in decisions about their health care and are often encouraged to speak out. It enhances the patient-provider developing a self-healing relationship, which makes the patient practice what the provider has advised them to do, hence improving their satisfaction. Also, more specific, patient-centered care with developed individualized patient care plans is being offered by healthcare facilities, making overall healthcare more patient-orientated.

Enhancing Infection Control Measures

To remain safe for the patient, other related concepts are designed with the continual improvement of infection control in healthcare. This includes measures of hand washing and wearing of gloves, proper cleaning and proper use and disposal of medical instruments, and protective measures against health facility-acquired illnesses (HAIs). More establishments are also using real-time monitoring systems to determine infection rates and also coming up with corrective measures where necessary. Since these complications arise due to infections, proper infection control leads to the reduction of complications and, hence, the improvement of patient health.

Creating Awareness Of Safety

The necessity of establishing a safety culture within healthcare organizations is critical to the improvement of patient care. This includes the process of creating a climate of openness through which personnel can report any safety issues without regard to consequences. Managers of healthcare organizations are directing efforts at promoting reporting of errors and of ‘close calls,’ establishing a culture of error-free reporting that is non-punitive or adverse event reporting. Discussed exercises and practice help staff be ready for emergencies, such as a patient’s fall or code blue. These exercises improve teamwork and communication strategies so that all team members are ready to handle situations that occur in the real world. Since safety is one of the most essential values, the system encourages healthcare providers to create an environment where patient safety is valued most.

Emphasis On Human Resource Development

Healthcare organizations recognize that well-trained staff are essential for delivering high-quality care. For this reason, most organizations are embracing regular and professional development programs for their workforce. These programs cover virtually every issue related to medical practice and technological advancements, patient handling, and relations, among others. It is especially used in health care settings to ensure that providers get to perfect their skills since they are likely to do them in a simulated setting. Organizations are putting mentorship programs in place to foster staff member’s career advancement. By imparting necessary skills and knowledge to the employees, healthcare organizations are certain that they can offer safe, effective, and compassionate care.

Efficient Use Of Data Analytics Towards Improvement

Patient data analysis has emerged as a vital tool for efficient patient management and care, and safety improvement. Nowadays, companies like American Data Network help healthcare facilities to embrace analytics for making data-driven decision-making to gain insights on how to run healthcare systems, measure results, as well as to evaluate patient outcomes. This is pursued by the collection of data from various sources, like patient feedback, treatment outcomes, and operational parameters, and coming up with the necessary advances. For example, patient satisfaction feedback that healthcare institutions collect through questionnaires gives a lot of information about the concerns that patients have for an institution and changes that might need to be made. There are the possibilities of using predictive analysis for the determination of patients in danger of developing complications that will require preventive measures to be taken. Positive patient outcomes are achieved by the optimal application of this approach, which also increases safety among the patients.

Conclusion

The above-mentioned guideline is one important function of healthcare organizations to improve the quality and safety of patients’ stays. These factors improve not only patient satisfaction but also the provision of quality healthcare, which remains a core value of delivery in the organization.